Theories on tourism development catherine evangelista h3a ms. Developed from the successful portuguese textbook teoria do turismo, tourism theory provides clear and thorough coverage of all aspects of tourism theory for students and researchers of tourism. The present study sought to explore the personality correlates of plog s dimension of psychocentrismallocentrism. Within a tourism context, stanley plog 1972 developed a model to examine destination preferences based upon psychographic scores measuring distinguishing personality traits. Pdf plogs model of typologies of tourists researchgate. Tourism is a worldwide socioeconomic phenomenon stemming from the human need for leisure, contact with nature and the desire to visit new places and cultures. The researcher who identified three types of travelers on a continuum was stanley plog. At the same time, it has been scrutinized by a host of critics who questioned aspects of the models applicability and validity. Travel weekly posts obituary of leading tourism researcher. Plogs model represents a foundational, noteworthy contribution to the theory.
The psychocentric type is derived from psyche or selfcentred where an individual centres thoughts or concerns on the small problem areas. Plog s psychographic classification of tourists and travel motivation are given below. Tourism consumer behavior consumer behaviour motivation. The most cited theories in tourism researches, psychographic types of. Consisting of five sections and over fifty entries, this book covers nine of the most important. Our library is the biggest of these that have literally hundreds of thousands of different products. Certainly, overarching tourists are in the world burns, 1999. Despite the poverty of tourism theory,eric cohen 1995 has observed that there is on the one hand a wide variety of conceptual and theoretical approaches to tourism which have yet to be rigorously tested,as well as the proliferation of field studies which lack an explicit theoretical orientation and. In his 1972 journal article towards a sociology of international tourism, the sociologist erik cohen was the first to suggest that there are different types of tourists. Description theories within tourism can be difficult, even confusing areas to understand. This study aims to reveal the influence of tourist personality on key.
Plogs theory of allocentric and psychocentric traveler types was the basis in this study which deals with psychological side of tourism behaviour and travel motivation factors when traveler chooses the destination. A tourist who seeks new experiences and adventure in a wide range of activities. Pdf revisiting plogs model of allocentricity and psychocentricity. Tourism and applied anthropologists wiley online books. Within a tourism context, stanley plog 1972 developed a model to examine. Stanley plogs psychographics model 1967allocentric near allocentric near. Anyone involved in the work or study of todays tourism industry must consider all. In the book the theory of the leisure class published in 1898, thorstein veblen argued that leisure offered the socially mobile classes an.
A new edition of the bestselling introduction to tourism textbook from the local to the global level, the forces that shape todays economic and social conditions also affect the tourism industry. Pdf on jan 1, 2017, oliver cruzmilan and others published plogs model of. Sage reference cohens model of typologies of tourists. An extraordinary industry facing superordinary problems, in global tourism. It is extremely difficult to define precisely the words tourist and tourism. The term theory is used with diverse meanings, resulting in miscommunication and misunderstanding. Utilizing an iterative and comparative hierarchical coding, seven different forms of theory and trends in their usage by scholars. Plog delineated these types of tourists according to personalitybased, psychographic traits along a. The fundamental theories encompassing plogs model are trait aggregation and. Plog in public as a learning activity for undergraduate students of leisure, tourism and related disciplines allows for connections between conceptual foundations of tourism to real life situations. Boosterism underlying assumptions and related attitudes tourism is inherently good tourism should be developed cultural and natural resources should be exploited industry as expert development defined in business corporate terms definition of. Allocentrics enjoy meeting people from foreign or different cultures. Plog con tinued to write occasionally as author of book chapters until. The company serves a broad segment of the travel industry throughout the world, including airlines, hotel chains, destinations, cruise lines, rental car companies, and travel.
To get started finding handbook of scales in tourism and hospitality research book by cabi, you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed. Normally, some destinations have been successful in tourism industry, because they understand the tourist motivation very well. Barbra bukenya and sini luostari problems faced by a new. Coined by tourism researcher plog, these terms describe two types of personality. Accordingly, the first tourists to discover a new place are allocentrics, who pre. It allows students to understand the present, and methodically gaze into the future to visualize change, and perhaps see their role in that change. They know how to attract tourist visiting their places page, 2003. The initial attempt by plog was to understand tourist preferences based upon. Tourist motivations a theoretical intr oduction to tourism. Travel weekly has carried an obituary announcing the death of stanley plog, aged 80. One of the bestknown models in the travel and tourism field is one proposed by stanley plog.
First, the current state of development theory is examined. Travel in different cultures was for a long time the privilege of worldly elites and part of religious practices and trade. Harrison 1992 and woodcock and france 1994 suggest that traditional development approaches could prove a useful framework for the. Stanley plogs tourist model of destination preferences 1980 smith1990 argued that the allocentricpsychocentric model fails to support the hypothesized association between personality types and destination preferences. The theory parts also focus on the things that passengers focus on in a. Tourism theories leipers tourism system model 1990 stanley plogs model of. Tourism theories is a website that puts the tourist in the centre of what is called tourism. However no person is a perfect exemplar of any personality type, plog, 2001, pg 15 with only 2.
Tourism is becoming an increasingly important component of the global economy, and is subsequently a growing area of university study and research around the world. Plogs model in 1974, stanley plog developed a theory which allowed the us population to be classified into a series of interrelated psychographic types. Jun 15, 2015 plogs model in 1974, stanley plog developed a theory which allowed the us population to be classified into a series of interrelated psychographic types. Pearson education limited 2005, retained by authors slide 2. Plog spans the worlds of academia, professional consulting, and business development. His primary interests lie within the subfield of the anthropology of tourism.
Tim wallace is associate professor and applied anthropologist in the department of sociology and anthropology at north carolina state university, raleigh, north carolina. Plogs psychographic classification of tourists and travel. Stanley plog s model of allocentricity and psychocentricity, a seminal tourism model, has been widely cited in the tourism literature and is included in virtually every hospitality and tourism text. Plog s venturesomeness concept has also been used as a. The researcher who identified three types of travelers on a. His most recent research has taken him to the communities around lake atitlan in the guatemalan highlands. This study of travelers vacation histories seeks to add to. Jul 29, 2003 the book offers a unique historic perspective, based on the authors more than 35 years of experience as a consultant and researcher to industry leaders, along with case examples of how to increase tourism and grow the leisure travel market. The exploding business of travel and tourism by elizabeth becker, tourism.
If an attractive place is turned into a destination, the place generates high revenue from tourism. Gladys joy sabater tallorin cohens classification cohens classification of tourist is based on the theory that tourism combines the curiosity to seek out new experiences with the need for the security of familiar reminders of home. Consisting of five sections and over fifty entries, this book covers nine of the most important models in. The paper offers an invaluable practical interpretation of travel motivation and related management issues.
Stanley plogs model of allocentricity and psychocentricity, a seminal tourism model, has been widely cited in the tourism literature and is included in virtually every hospitality and tourism text. This person is outgoing and selfconfident in behavior. Moreover, even in highly devel needs of the tourism industry, with typologies often being established economies problems persist, for as theobold 1 994. Today, destination management is an important subject in tourism studies. Psychocentric tourists are selfinhibiting, nervous, and nonadventurous. Tourism theory provides clear and thorough coverage of all aspects of tourism theory for students and researchers of tourism. Updated nta ugc net syllabus for tourism administration and. Plogs tourist types plogs tourism typology plogs tourist types plogs tourist types allocentric enjoy traveling independently, cultural exploration, often in aboveaverage income groups, seek adventurous experiences on holiday. Theory in hospitality, tourism, and leisure studies.
This unique new textbook covers all aspects of tourism from a contemporary perspective. I think the correct answer from the choices listed above is the second option. Barbra bukenya and sini luostari problems faced by a. Theories of tourism developed marginally, related to status, income, free time, and orientation beyond a personal ingroup. It includes a range of theoretical and researchbased topics supported by examples, case studies and comment boxes from industry.
Cohens model of typologies of tourists is an early conceptual framework aimed at the sociological analysis of the phenomenon of modern tourism. Sage reference plogs model of typologies of tourists. Plogs tourist types plog s tourism typology plogs tourist types plogs tourist types allocentric enjoy traveling independently, cultural exploration, often in aboveaverage income groups, seek adventurous experiences on holiday. Tourist motivations explain the factors in which influence a tourist to travel. Here at lonely planet we decided to make a book about the worlds countries for children, not parents.
In his 1972 journal article towards a sociology of international tourism, the sociologist erik cohen was the first to. Since the goods and services provided to tourists are really inputs to the process of producing the experience, demand for these. Theories on tourism development lesson 2 there are many theories when it comes to tourism development but we only discussed six theories and the essential things that can help us in developing the tourism industry. Contributors provide interdisciplinary, international perspectives on the critical questions, problems, and. The growth of tourism is an outcome of many factors such as rising standards of living, improvements in.
This is a blog for students, professionals of tourism and anyone interested in tourist sustainability all around the world. Plog did most of his work in the private sector, but published several books on travel, and was also the author of work on travel motivations and destination life cycles which is still widely cited and discussed. Tourist typologies a theoretical intr oduction to tourism. Within the spectrum of psychographic personality types a tourist can either be classified as a dependable or venturer plog, 2001. An allocentric person prefers to fly and to explore new and unusual areas before others do so. Plog was one of the great research minds, tourism theorists. Description developed from the portuguese textbook teoria do turismo, the present book provides thorough coverage of all aspects of tourism theory for students and researchers of tourism.
According to woodside 2017, plog s model represents a foundational, noteworthy contribution to the theory of consumer behaviour in tourism. An american researcher named plog mason 26 put forth his theory based on the psychology of tourists and these were published in 1973. The first one is christallers theory, in his theory he explained how tourist develops over time. For us, the importance of tourism is what the tourist lives and experiences during his holiday and the role he or she can play in the sustainable development of a country.
It was found, for females, that psychocentrics who are nonadventurous were less neurotic but more extraverted than allocentrics. Plogs psychographic classification of tourists and travel motivation are given below. Plog felt that psychocentric individuals were inhibited, nervous, nonadventurous, and constricted. The theory parts also focus on the things that passengers focus on in a new destination and decision. The allocentric individual was selfconfident, more adventurous and more successful in most areas of life. Theories within tourism can be difficult, even confusing areas to understand. Identifying and capturing the essence of the place is vital for the tourism business to do well. It is a companion of articles, books, journals and presentations.
The politics of tourism in twentiethcentury peru unc press books, 2018. Stanley plog announced a famous model of tourist type. Stanley plogs concept of psychocentrismallocentrism in travel preferences was operationally measured by two scales. Updated nta ugc net syllabus for tourism administration. Pdf a new perspective on the plog psychographic system. Pdf plogs model of personalitybased psychographic traits in. The world is a very big place, and in the notforparents travel book weve concentrated on the really interesting bits to create a snapshot of what each country is like. The main objectives in order to achieve this aim are. Plog classifies tourists into three categories as described below. Not many of them, but they tend to be hardy, independent, and curious souls seeking new experiences and authenticity rather than familiarity. Consisting of five sections and over 50 entries, this book includes nine of the most important models in tourism study. Pdf plogs model of typologies of tourists oliver cruz.
Pdf stanley plogs model of allocentricity and psychocentricity. Quarterly in 1974, stanley plog put forth his theory about how destinations begin and, ultimately, end. Plogs discussed the tourist behavior and motivations based on the psychology of the tourists. In comparison, allocentric tourists are outgoing, selfconfident, and adventurous. The isoaholas theory indicates that what motivates tourism is the assertion of personal escape whereby overcoming bad mood and changing the pace of your everyday life, personal seeking whereby boasting about your experience to others to feel good about yourself, interpersonal escape is whereby you escape the stressful environment you are in. According to plog, destinations rise and fall in popularity because they appeal to specific types of tourists over time, and follow a relatively predictable pattern of growth and decline in popularity. Francesco frangialli, secretarygeneral, world tourism organization now in its third edition, global tourism draws on the insight of thirtynine contributors to chronicle and foresee the effects of tourism on contemporary society. Plogs theory was based on a case study conducted on new york residents and their attitudes to travel.
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